The international community believed that the war would be the definitive struggle between communism and fascism (although it was soon overshadowed by World War II), and although most countries did not officially intervene, tens of thousands of foreigners flocked to Spain to fight for the Republican cause (including famous authors George Orwell and Ernest Hemingway). Fighting continued across the country for three years, during which the anarchist and socialist groups lost power and the Republican forces became dominated by the Soviet-controlled Communist party. In response, civilian-led anarchist and socialist coalitions took control of several cities, including Barcelona. In 1936, the Spanish Civil War broke out when the Nationalists, a group of conservative military leaders under the fascist General Francisco Franco, attempted to overthrow the country’s moderate republican government.
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